Temperature Converter

Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses hot and cold. It is measured with a thermometer calibrated in one or more temperature scales.

Common Temperature Scales

Celsius (°C)

The Celsius scale, also known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). It was named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale.

• Water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure.
• Normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C.
• Widely used in most countries around the world for everyday temperature measurement.

Fahrenheit (°F)

The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale based on one proposed in 1724 by the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736).

• Water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F at standard atmospheric pressure.
• Normal human body temperature is approximately 98.6°F.
• Commonly used in the United States for everyday temperature measurement.

Kelvin (K)

The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale, meaning 0K is absolute zero, the theoretical absence of all thermal energy.

• 0K is equivalent to -273.15°C or -459.67°F.
• Water freezes at 273.15K and boils at 373.15K at standard atmospheric pressure.
• Used primarily in scientific contexts, particularly in physics and engineering.
• The Kelvin scale does not use the degree symbol (°).

Conversion Formulas

To convert between temperature scales, use these formulas:

• Celsius to Fahrenheit: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
• Fahrenheit to Celsius: °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9
• Celsius to Kelvin: K = °C + 273.15
• Kelvin to Celsius: °C = K - 273.15
• Fahrenheit to Kelvin: K = (°F - 32) × 5/9 + 273.15
• Kelvin to Fahrenheit: °F = (K - 273.15) × 9/5 + 32

Applications

Temperature measurements are essential in many fields:

• Weather forecasting and meteorology
• Cooking and food safety
• Medical diagnosis and monitoring
• Scientific research and experiments
• Industrial processes and manufacturing
• HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems